Always for information:
The implementation of a rainwater and well water purification system raises a number of questions.
It is not enough to install a reverse osmosis and activated carbon filtration device to be able to guarantee the potability of the water thus produced.
A very serious ethical problem lies in advising a family or a community to consume water obtained by purification of suspicious water!
I. STORM WATER STORED IN TANK
I.1. May contain bacteria, viruses and very toxic organic compounds (maceration of corpses of birds or various animals in cornices for example). A decomposing body releases, in addition to bacteria, highly toxic amines (cadaverine, putrescine ...), protein residues and free radicals.
I.2. The materials of the tank can release toxic or allergenic substances. The cement produced today contains an unpredictable number of heavy metals (chromium, nickel, zinc, lead, cadmium ...). The cemented coating will release these residues for a certain time as well as calcium and ammonium salts which will alkalize the water. This phenomenon will only last a maximum of one year, but it must be taken into account.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tanks release, in addition to toxic monomers (very small molecules), substances used in the preparation of plastic material (polymerization initiators). These substances are also toxic and allergenic. This process, in the presence of very pure water (this is the case for rainwater) will last approximately two years. At this time, the material can be considered passive.
I.3. Chemical pollutants from the sky (see file) and from the roof.
Industrialists release heavy metals and chemicals in huge quantities into the air. These rejects will travel with the wind and fall to different places during rain, or in dry weather.
We are not immune to pollution even from another country (Saharan sand sometimes falls on Paris!).
The water flowing on the roofs collects these substances and leads them into the tanks.
To this are added the metals present in the materials constituting the roof, the channels and conduits: lead, zinc, copper, titanium, iron, nickel, chromium, manganese, bitumen residues.
If a farmer sprays a pesticide or herbicide on his field near the house, it is a safe bet that these products will be found in the rainwater tank of the house.
Here's what they recommend:
TYPES OF WATER CLEANERS TO BE ADVISED
It goes without saying that in the problems of drinking water, it is imperative to use reverse osmosis devices.
But you still need to know what type of membrane and what additional accessories you should advise based on the problem encountered.
1. Type of membrane
A quality membrane alone must provide a filtration capacity of 96 to 97%.
The filtration capacity (reject rate) gives an idea of the size of the pores of the membrane.
A membrane intended to filter “doubtful” water such as tank water and well water must have pore dimensions not exceeding 0,0001 micron.
A virus has a congestion between 0,02 and 0,4 micron.
A bacterium has a size of between 0,2 and 1 micron.
A good membrane therefore offers perfect security from this point of view.
There remains the problem of small organic chemical molecules, heavy metals and toxic anions (nitrites and nitrates).
No membrane can completely eliminate them!
1a. Cellulose triacetate membranes
These membranes are inexpensive, are biodegradable and have excellent filtration capacity but do not withstand pH above 7,8. As many waters have pH values over 7,5, we prefer to forgo these types of membranes.
1b. Polyester (nylon) membranes
These membranes have great features as long as you pay the price.
Their longevity is 3 to 5 years depending on the type of water.
1 C. PTFC (teflon) membranes
Recycling them is difficult.
There are a large number of brands on the market for these membranes, which are generally manufactured by the same company (Filmtec, a 3M subsidiary).
These membranes have a very long lifespan (from 6 to 7 years and more), depending on the qualities of treated water.
Very low iron concentrations quickly destroy these membranes.
But you have to realize that there are different qualities on the market for the same membrane brand.
When the PTFC sheet is laminated in the factory, the central strip has an ideal porosity, while the side strips have a coarser porosity.
This is where the scam begins!
Unscrupulous or ill-informed resellers market membranes with 60-65% capacity at the price of membranes with 96-97% capacity.
They add a sand filter and a carbon filter or a cotton filter and a carbon filter and declare the whole adaptable on rainwater tank or well.
But what is most serious in this approach is that the client and his family believe they are protected against any contamination.
Pseudomonas:
When the salesperson came to me to sell me reverse osmosis equipment, this is exactly what happened: the proposed membrane did not hold water.