Vortex wind turbine towers: synthesis

[Christophe]

I propose to build a mega chimney 5 km high to directly send French white H2 nuclear-fossil-energy/white-hydrogen-the-largest-deposit-in-the-world-discovered-in-france-t17600.html in the “upper” atmosphere and worsen global warming: climate-change-co2/hydrogen-is-an-indirect-greenhouse-gas-200-times-more-powerful-than-co2-t17124.html

This way, it will clear fossils as being the main culprits of climate change!

[Christophe]

Okay, no kidding...a few years ago there was a similar project that involved the construction of the mega tower.

It was the Elioth project or "solar mountains": energies-renewable / solar project-mountain-elioth-the-eolien-de-breaker to-valley-t14512.html

If we have foundations to build the "chimney", this would make it possible to test at lower cost or lower technological risk the potential for conversion from "solar thermal to air flow to turbine to electricity"...

I am convinced that there are hundreds of potential sites in the French Alps!

A prototype exists...

[izentrop]

Otherwise this system... day and night more than 750MWh per year, provided it is placed in a hot and arid climate, with access to water...
https://www.futura-sciences.com/tech/ac ... it-109954/ The study https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a ... 4723015512

[GuyGadeboisTheBack]

You're delaying again, Izy... definitely...
solar-photovoltaic/wind-generating-towers-with-vortex-effect-synthesis-t3801-200.html#p545183
Second link in the post. Comment from Sicetaitsimple: “just blabla”.

[Christophe]

Guy you're not nice! A little tolerance with the 4th age!!

ps: izy, it's still computer-generated images...too izy!! Well they made efforts in rendering the shadows...

[sen-no-sen]

I don't see why we would produce 180 MW of mechanical energy constantly with a tower, whatever it is.
Convection or vortex, it's semantic dressing. The vortex is only a special case, a swirling convection.

What patents are we talking about exactly?

Convection or vortex is just semantic dressing, especially in Kansas during tornado season! A vortex allows flow flows to be maximized (principle of maximum entropy production).
Experiments carried out by the University of Kyushu (Japan) made it possible to test a set of tower devices in the laboratory to establish whether crosswinds made it possible to exploit more energy or, conversely, less energy. As part of their experiments they were able to compare classic tube chimneys vs flared diffuser vs diffusers with vortex effect to find out which architecture was the most efficient, their conclusions are as follows:

"The diffuser-shaped tower without the vortex generator achieved 2,1 times higher updraft velocity than the cylindrical tower. The diffuser-shaped tower with the vortex generator achieved an increase in the updraft velocity ascending by more than 1,3 times.

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijp/2020/4065359/


A photo of the prototype at Chikushi Campus, Kyushu University.


In the case of the Nazarre/Sumatel or Coustou Michaud vortex tower, etc., it is a question of using the thermal discharges of a nuclear power plant, which to my knowledge are available 24 hours a day except during reactor maintenance periods.

In the case of the patent Pesochinsky it is a question of a simple flexible pipe 5000 m high, there is no greenhouse on the outskirts.
The calculations are available on the site, I have reproduced it here in French (google translate):

Example of calculations.
Suppose we have a superchimney 5 m high and 000 m in diameter or 1 m in diameter, in which the air temperature at the bottom is 000 °C and at 20 m is -30 ° C5.

1. Airflow calculations, according to the natural draft pressure calculator 1

q = Î dh 2 /4 [ (2 g (po - pr ) h ) / ( λ (lp r / dh ) + âˆ'ξ pr ) ]½

where

d h = hydraulic diameter (m, ft)

λ = D'Arcy-Weisbach friction coefficient

l = length of conduit or pipe (m, ft)

g = gravity - 9,81 (m/s 2 )

q = volume of air (m 3 /s)

p o = external air density (kg/m 3 )

p r = indoor air density (kg/m 3 )

h = height between outlet air and inlet air (m)

âˆ'ξ = minor loss coefficient (summarized and taken as 1)

We can expect a natural draft of the airflow at a speed of 139,2 m/s. This translates to 109 m 357 /s of air passing through the super-chimney (369 m 3 /s for 50 m diameter). As the air density is 916 kg/m 3 at 20°C 1,164, we can calculate that 3 kg/s of air passes through the super-chimney (30 kg/s for 2 m diameter) .

2. Produce electrical energy.

Calculate the quantity of electrical energy produced.

Power of wind turbine 7:

P = 0,5 x rho x A x Cp x V 3 x Ng x Nb

or :

P = power in watts (746 watts = 1 hp) (1 watts = 000 kilowatt)

rho = air density (about 1,225 kg/m3 at sea level, less at altitude)

A = surface swept by the rotor, exposed to the wind (m 2 ) counts for the entire surface of the super-chimney (3,14 * 500 2 )

Cp = coefficient of performance (0,59 {Betz limit} is the maximum theoretically possible, 0,35 for good design)

V = wind speed in meters/sec (139,2 m/s)

Ng = generator efficiency (50% for a car alternator, 80% or possibly more for a permanent magnet generator or grid connected induction generator)

No. = gearbox/bearing efficiency (depends, can reach 95% if good)

P= 0,5 *1,164 * (3,14)*(500) 2 *0,35*(139,2) 3 * 0,8 * 0,95

P = 327 watts = 787 mega watts (194 mega watts for a diameter of 991,65696 m)

3. Calculation of the amount of water condensate.

Let's assume that the relative humidity of the air at the bottom of the superchimney is 30%, which is typical for deserts. Thus, the air contains approximately 9 g of water per kg of air. At an altitude of 5 m, the temperature is around -000°C and the pressure is around 20 Pa (about half the pressure at sea level). Under such conditions, the air can contain a maximum of 55 g of water per kg of air (saturation point). Therefore, once the air from the super chimney is expelled, the water in the air will condense at a rate of 000 g per kg of air. In the given system, where 1,7 kg/s of air passes through the superchimney, this means that 7,3 kg of water condenses per second (127 kg for 292 m diameter).

4. Calculation of CO 2 absorption by irrigated desert.

There are different estimates of CO 2 absorption capacity provided by the EPA. For example, it is estimated that each acre of reforested land will absorb up to 2,1 tons of carbon per year for a period of 120 years. In fact, this figure does not take into account the additional CO 2 that will be fixed in the soil. Thus, a super-chimney will trap:

300* 640 Sq.Acres/ sq.mile* 2,1=403, 200 tons of carbon, 1 ton of carbon equivalent = 3,667 tons of CO 2,

thus a super-chimney will trap 1 tonnes of CO 478 per year (354 tonnes for 2m diameter)

5. Calculation of the number of super-chimneys needed to cool the atmosphere.

There are many factors to analyze. However, it is clear that in principle the super-chimney will facilitate heat exchange and, given the enormous amount of air passing through the super-chimney, it will have an effect on the heat balance of the Earth's atmosphere . According to Kiehl 3, the Earth receives 492 W/m 2 of combined radiation annually (direct solar and due to the greenhouse effect). Global warming is attributed to the fact that the Earth currently absorbs 0,85 ± 0,15 W/m 2 more than it emits into space 4 (Hansen et al. 2005). So the planet absorbs about 0,2% more radiation energy than it should to maintain a constant temperature.

According to Wikipedia, heat from the Earth's surface captured by the atmosphere. More than 75% can be attributed to the action of greenhouse gases which absorb thermal radiation emitted by the Earth's surface. The atmosphere in turn transfers the energy it receives both to space (38%) and to the Earth's surface (62%), where the amount transferred in each direction depends on the thermal structure and volume of the atmosphere. 5 The super-chimney will emit air at an altitude of 5 m, which is roughly the point in the atmosphere where half the amount of air is below and half above. above. We can therefore assume that reabsorption will be reduced by half. So instead of a normal distribution, we will have about 000% of energy lost to space and only 70% reabsorbed into the atmosphere. In other words, the air that passes through the super-chimney will lose 30% more heat than normal air.

According to the calculation above, 127 kg of air will pass through the super-chimney every second. In one year, that’s 292x000 4 kg. According to the National Center for Atmospheric Research, "The total average mass of the atmosphere is 10×15 5,1480 kg...".

Therefore, each year, 7,7 × 10 -4 of the total atmosphere will pass through the superchimney. As noted above, this air will lose 30% more heat than normal air. So the entire atmosphere will lose 2,31 × 10 -4 or 2,31 × 10 -2% more heat than it would otherwise. Since the planet absorbs about 0,2% more radiation energy than it should to maintain a constant temperature, we can estimate that 10 super-chimneys will offset global warming (25 for 000 m diameter).

https://www.superchimney.org/calculation.asp

Likewise, I emphasize that this is not a technology intended to compete with solar PV or concentrated solar power. but from a geo-engineering method which can, in addition to producing energy and water, promote thermal exchanges in the atmosphere,something no solar panel can ever do.
This is also why this technology had remained on the shelf for more than 50 years. Before global warming, they had no interest in the face of competition.

[sen-no-sen]

Guy you're not nice! A little tolerance with the 4th age!!

ps: izy, it's still computer-generated images...too izy!! Well they made efforts in rendering the shadows...

The Chinese proto, there is very little information on it but this shows that the Middle Kingdom is starting to take an interest in it.