Water consumption is infinite

Work concerning plumbing or sanitary water (hot, cold, clean or used). Management, access and use of water at home: drilling, pumping, wells, distribution network, treatment, sanitation, rainwater recovery. Recovery, filtration, depollution, storage processes. Repair of water pumps. Manage, use and save water, desalination and desalination, pollution and water ...
moinsdewatt
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by moinsdewatt » 22/03/14, 12:42

Global energy demand will threaten water resources

Paris, Reuters 21/03/2014

Growing energy needs will increasingly threaten the world's water resources and this phenomenon will be aggravated by the consequences of climate change, according to a Unesco report published on Friday.

Energy demand, the world's second largest source of water consumption, will grow by a third by 2035, experts from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Paris.

"Electricity is going to account for the biggest chunk of the increase in this energy demand and 90% of electricity production is water hungry," said report author Richard Connor during a meeting with journalists.

Thermal power plants, which generate electricity from gas or coal, or even nuclear power plants, use water to power their cooling system.

"These installations pose a problem of mobilizing the resource but they then take and reject the water, this is called open loops", tempers Richard Connor.

"In some European countries and the United States, thermal power plants account for nearly or more than half of all water withdrawals, or even more than agriculture," he adds, citing by example Denmark.

But "closed loop" systems, which take less water but do not release it into nature, are particularly likely to develop in the coming years, underlines the report.

NO MIRACLE ENERGY

At the same time, climate change will in the coming decades increase the phenomenon of water stress in certain regions, such as Central Asia, where energy needs are exploding under the effect of growth.

"Drought threatens hydraulics in several countries and, conversely, the availability of water could be a constraint to the expansion of electricity in several countries with emerging economies," he said.

To meet these challenges, Unesco believes that countries must develop the most water-efficient renewable energies, combine electricity production and water service sites such as desalination plants, or even use salt or waste water for cooling.

"But no energy is a miracle solution", admits the author of the report, especially with regard to large hydraulic dams, reliable energy that can produce a lot and without carbon impact, but whose social and environmental impact can be high .

Hydropower, however, retains great potential on the planet, particularly in regions most affected by the "economic scarcity" of water, says Richard Connor. A phenomenon very present in sub-Saharan Africa, where the resource exists but where populations have little access to it due to the lack of infrastructure.

Energy represents about 15% of the water used in the world, behind agriculture, crushing the first consumer who totals 70%. Domestic use represents only 10% of this consumption.

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GuyGadebois
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Re:




by GuyGadebois » 27/07/19, 18:37

Did67 wrote:As for the 15 liters, I never knew how they were calculated. I think this is still one of those "media arguments" made to "hit", as the Amazon rainforest is the "lung of the earth".

We often hear that about 15 liters of water are needed to produce one kg of beef. This is true, but it is more than 000% rainwater: given the area occupied by pastures, this is not surprising. As the pastures are not always cultivable land, it may seem fairer to take into account only blue and gray water to make a comparison between animal and plant production.
For more precision, it is preferable to express the figures in liters of water per kg of protein and not food.
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"360 / 000 / 0,5 is 100 million and not 72 million" (AVC)
moinsdewatt
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Re: The water consumption is infinite




by moinsdewatt » 28/07/19, 09:12

Antibiotics in rivers around the world, study finds

AFP • 27 / 05 / 2019

From Europe to Asia via Africa, the concentrations of antibiotics found in some rivers of the world greatly exceed acceptable levels, warns a study presented Monday.

A team of York researchers analyzed samples taken from 711 sites in 72 countries on six continents and detected at least one of the 14 antibiotics sought in 65% of the samples, according to a press release from the British university.

Scientists, who presented their research on Monday at a congress in Helsinki, compared these levies to acceptable levels set by the pharmaceutical industry group AMR Industry Alliance, which vary by substance.

As a result, metronidazole, used against infections of the skin and mouth, is the antibiotic that most exceeds this acceptable level, with concentrations up to 300 times this threshold at a site in Bangladesh. The level is also exceeded in the Thames.

Ciprofloxacin is the substance that most often exceeds the safety threshold (on 51 sites), while trimethoprim, used in the treatment of urinary tract infections, is the most frequently found.

“Until now, most of the work on antibiotics has been done in Europe, North America and China. Often on only a handful of antibiotics,” commented Dr John Wilkinson.

According to this new study, acceptable levels are most often exceeded in Asia and Africa, but other continents are not spared either, indicating a "global problem", noted the statement, specifying that the sites more problematic are found in Bangladesh, Kenya, Ghana, Pakistan and Nigeria.

Discovered in the 1920 years, antibiotics saved tens of millions of lives by effectively fighting bacteriological diseases such as pneumonia, tuberculosis and meningitis.

But over the decades, bacteria have changed to resist these drugs, to the point that the World Health Organization has warned that the world will run out of effective antibiotics.

Bacteria can become resistant when patients use antibiotics they do not need, or do not finish their treatment, giving the bacteria a chance to survive and develop immunity.

But York researchers also point to a link with their presence in the environment.

"New scientists and leaders are now recognizing the role of the environment in the problem of antibiotic resistance. Our data shows that the contamination of rivers could contribute in an important way", insisted another author, Alistair Boxall, referring to "worrying" results.

“Solving the problem is a monumental challenge and will require investments in waste and wastewater management infrastructure, stricter rules and cleaning up of already contaminated sites,” he added.

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