Synthesis of combustion and water injection by Remi Guillet
published: 06/10/15, 10:58
About combustion and water… By Rémi Guillet (03/03/2012)
See his other publications: http://www.editions-harmattan.fr/index. ... te&no=9966
The price of fuels and other fuels having not finished "blazing", inducing the resumption of recurring debates (Cf. Wikipedia) such as that linked to a belief of some in a more or less mysterious effect of a "doping to the 'water "(or other effect resulting from the installation on the engines or other burner of a more or less" opaque "device where the water would undergo" free "energy transformations, becoming itself fuel!) brings us back to three pieces of information that we think are essential about "combustion and water", information from our thesis "Wet combustion and its performance" (thesis presented in 2002 at the University of Nancy 1 - Henri Poincaré - and directly accessible in full version using the email address http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_ ... UILLET.pdf ).
1- Water arriving in an area where combustion is developing (in a thermal machine: internal or external combustion engine, boiler etc. - and whether this water is brought in vapor or liquid form, by the combustion air, by fuel, injected separately -) has every chance of improving the "quality" of combustion (of the fuel identified as such!). Being able to intervene on the atomization of droplets of a liquid fuel (heavy hydrocarbons) as well as on the multiple "intermediate" chemical reactions developed during combustion, this "additional" water allows in certain cases to "difficult" combustions to approach. more (if this is chemically possible), their completeness, thus rejecting less particles and other unburnt materials. In addition, and in any case, the presence of additional water reduces the formation of NOx, because combustion approaching perfection, especially in the case of stoichiometry, is with this "thermal ballast" additional water comparatively "colder" therefore always less conducive to the formation of nitrogen oxides. (Cf. references indicated in the thesis already mentioned).
2- Thus, the presence of water in the combustion chamber of a thermal machine modifies the physico-chemical dynamics of combustion and if the water supply is controlled, this addition of water, alone, will suffice, via improved combustion, to justify the better performance recorded by said thermal machine: better mechanical efficiency for an engine, or even more "nominal" power, in particular for certain gas turbines ... And greater "ecological discretion"!
From our point of view, there is nothing else to invoke to "understand" what is happening with some engines "doped" by the addition of water. Therefore, starting from an engine "burning" its fuel poorly, and therefore necessarily inefficient, the added water has every chance of improving combustion and therefore, concomitantly, of reducing the "consumption" of said engine. Obviously, the more the machine concerned is initially underperforming, the more the benefit linked to the introduction of additional water can be significant! (Cf. the examples often taken on old diesel engines, on two-stroke engines ...)
Conversely, nothing spectacular can be expected from an engine in good working order. Note that the quantity of water introduced must always be controlled and not exceed a certain threshold, otherwise it is possible to deviate from the desired effect, other pollution then being able to appear, in particular with the formation of CO ... (Without forget that water in large quantities suffocates or "extinguishes" the fire!).
3- Now, imagining a thermal machine initially exemplary from the point of view of combustion, it remains that water can allow the thermodynamicist to consider cycles (recovery, regenerative, combined etc.) which can greatly increase the mechanical efficiency of the system (by comparison with the traditional motor, in "open" cycle; see the thesis which largely presents these cycles).
Moreover, coming back to combustion, another thing to remember. It is about the exploitation of the phase changes of the water resulting from the combustion. Thus its condensation (if it is actually carried out in an ad hoc recuperator) becomes a source of "ultimate" recovery of combustion energy. We are talking about condensing heat generators for "low temperature" heating installations (case of residential heating installations with oversized radiators, with underfloor heating, the temperature of which remains much lower than 60 ° C, etc.). But one also evokes the cycle * "water vapor pump" which makes it possible to widen the field of application of said condensing generators in the case of heating at higher temperature, therefore above 60 ° C, that is to say the case of collective heating or other thermal installations in the tertiary sector, etc.). These latest water vapor pumps (or heat exchanger and mass in combustion products before discharge and combustion air) leading de facto to a form of "wet combustion" with its specific ecological virtues guaranteed (in particular that of low NOx, etc.). We can again refer to the often cited thesis or to the work "From the hygrometric diagram of combustion to water vapor pumps" or to recent articles ** (written in English) appearing on Rémi's author file Guillet chez l'harmattan in articles contributions like "The water vapor pump cycle underlines the wet combustion advantages"
4 - (added on 14-10-2015) In the case of reciprocating engines we can also recall the (formerly well known) power "anti-detonating" of water, a priori inert element which (if injected in liquid phase in evaporating, will decrease the temperature at the end of compression of the mixture), may then cause the thermodynamicist to take advantage of this injection of additional water to increase the compression ratio of the cycle and thus improve the mechanical efficiency of the machine, or even its power (a matter of balance between the reduction in energy power introduced into the cylinder and the gain in mechanical efficiency of the cycle). (Cf. the reminder in the summary of the title "Wet way combustion" https://www.amenza.ma/wet-way-combustion.html published in 2001 by Elsevier)…
Rémi Guillet
See his other publications: http://www.editions-harmattan.fr/index. ... te&no=9966
The price of fuels and other fuels having not finished "blazing", inducing the resumption of recurring debates (Cf. Wikipedia) such as that linked to a belief of some in a more or less mysterious effect of a "doping to the 'water "(or other effect resulting from the installation on the engines or other burner of a more or less" opaque "device where the water would undergo" free "energy transformations, becoming itself fuel!) brings us back to three pieces of information that we think are essential about "combustion and water", information from our thesis "Wet combustion and its performance" (thesis presented in 2002 at the University of Nancy 1 - Henri Poincaré - and directly accessible in full version using the email address http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_ ... UILLET.pdf ).
1- Water arriving in an area where combustion is developing (in a thermal machine: internal or external combustion engine, boiler etc. - and whether this water is brought in vapor or liquid form, by the combustion air, by fuel, injected separately -) has every chance of improving the "quality" of combustion (of the fuel identified as such!). Being able to intervene on the atomization of droplets of a liquid fuel (heavy hydrocarbons) as well as on the multiple "intermediate" chemical reactions developed during combustion, this "additional" water allows in certain cases to "difficult" combustions to approach. more (if this is chemically possible), their completeness, thus rejecting less particles and other unburnt materials. In addition, and in any case, the presence of additional water reduces the formation of NOx, because combustion approaching perfection, especially in the case of stoichiometry, is with this "thermal ballast" additional water comparatively "colder" therefore always less conducive to the formation of nitrogen oxides. (Cf. references indicated in the thesis already mentioned).
2- Thus, the presence of water in the combustion chamber of a thermal machine modifies the physico-chemical dynamics of combustion and if the water supply is controlled, this addition of water, alone, will suffice, via improved combustion, to justify the better performance recorded by said thermal machine: better mechanical efficiency for an engine, or even more "nominal" power, in particular for certain gas turbines ... And greater "ecological discretion"!
From our point of view, there is nothing else to invoke to "understand" what is happening with some engines "doped" by the addition of water. Therefore, starting from an engine "burning" its fuel poorly, and therefore necessarily inefficient, the added water has every chance of improving combustion and therefore, concomitantly, of reducing the "consumption" of said engine. Obviously, the more the machine concerned is initially underperforming, the more the benefit linked to the introduction of additional water can be significant! (Cf. the examples often taken on old diesel engines, on two-stroke engines ...)
Conversely, nothing spectacular can be expected from an engine in good working order. Note that the quantity of water introduced must always be controlled and not exceed a certain threshold, otherwise it is possible to deviate from the desired effect, other pollution then being able to appear, in particular with the formation of CO ... (Without forget that water in large quantities suffocates or "extinguishes" the fire!).
3- Now, imagining a thermal machine initially exemplary from the point of view of combustion, it remains that water can allow the thermodynamicist to consider cycles (recovery, regenerative, combined etc.) which can greatly increase the mechanical efficiency of the system (by comparison with the traditional motor, in "open" cycle; see the thesis which largely presents these cycles).
Moreover, coming back to combustion, another thing to remember. It is about the exploitation of the phase changes of the water resulting from the combustion. Thus its condensation (if it is actually carried out in an ad hoc recuperator) becomes a source of "ultimate" recovery of combustion energy. We are talking about condensing heat generators for "low temperature" heating installations (case of residential heating installations with oversized radiators, with underfloor heating, the temperature of which remains much lower than 60 ° C, etc.). But one also evokes the cycle * "water vapor pump" which makes it possible to widen the field of application of said condensing generators in the case of heating at higher temperature, therefore above 60 ° C, that is to say the case of collective heating or other thermal installations in the tertiary sector, etc.). These latest water vapor pumps (or heat exchanger and mass in combustion products before discharge and combustion air) leading de facto to a form of "wet combustion" with its specific ecological virtues guaranteed (in particular that of low NOx, etc.). We can again refer to the often cited thesis or to the work "From the hygrometric diagram of combustion to water vapor pumps" or to recent articles ** (written in English) appearing on Rémi's author file Guillet chez l'harmattan in articles contributions like "The water vapor pump cycle underlines the wet combustion advantages"
4 - (added on 14-10-2015) In the case of reciprocating engines we can also recall the (formerly well known) power "anti-detonating" of water, a priori inert element which (if injected in liquid phase in evaporating, will decrease the temperature at the end of compression of the mixture), may then cause the thermodynamicist to take advantage of this injection of additional water to increase the compression ratio of the cycle and thus improve the mechanical efficiency of the machine, or even its power (a matter of balance between the reduction in energy power introduced into the cylinder and the gain in mechanical efficiency of the cycle). (Cf. the reminder in the summary of the title "Wet way combustion" https://www.amenza.ma/wet-way-combustion.html published in 2001 by Elsevier)…
Rémi Guillet