jean63 wrote:4 - Install photovoltaic cells on the roofs of houses and sell the surplus to EDF
In my opinion, it would be more judicious, even if it means becoming an electricity producer, to try to organize one's autonomy.
Rather than reselling to EDF (and therefore remaining dependent on centralized production), why not impose a double circuit in all new houses:
- one in 220V AC powered by EDF,
- the other in 12V (or 24V) continuous
Circuit 220 would mainly be used for devices that consume electricity (washing machine, fridges, freezer, tools, in short, caricaturing, anything with an engine).
The DC circuit would be used to power all the electronics (Hifi, screens without tubes, computer, ...) and lighting thus avoiding transformers 220V ~ -> 12V - the often pitiful output that we find in all these devices .
Initially, for people who do not have their own means of production (PV panels, wind turbines, micro hydraulics), the 12 V circuit would be supplied by a high-efficiency transformer from 220V (which would continue to operate when the means of production own would be under capacity).