Macro wrote:
Indeed it looks like you have crushed an elementary granny of earth (golem) just with the left wheel ... yuck ...
Macro wrote:
Absolutely and me first.Obamot wrote:... if I had the choice between a vehicle that consumes 2l per 100km VS another 14, I would take the latter "because I would refuse to buy the one allowing me to achieve such savings" .... All idiots, we are all idiots ....
Christophe wrote:And I have NO CAR !!!
That is true: I never had a gray card of car in my name! Motorcycles yes but no car ...
Obamot wrote:.. there are surely some who imperatively needed a gray card because they confused with gray matter
Macro wrote:
Did. Yes I was kidding.
According to INSEE, the CO2 balance of the ecological penalty bonus would be negative
INSEE evaluated the CO2 balance of the taxation system known as the ecological bonus / penalty. Apparently contradictory figures that lead to amalgams.
No, CO2 is not a pollutant. No, carbon dioxide is not one of the polluting gases emitted by the combustion of fuels. Admittedly, the increase in the rate of CO2 in the atmosphere can be harmful (it contributes to amplify the natural phenomenon of the greenhouse effect), but it is not a question of pollution in the strict sense of the term.
The distinction is important because ignoring it leads to amalgamations, or at least shortcuts such as the title read yesterday in the press: "Ecological bonus = pollution?"
A little reminder, to start. By offering a premium for the purchase of new vehicles that emit the least CO2 and by taxing the purchases of the most polluting vehicles, the ecological bonus-malus system introduced in 2008 aimed to help reduce CO2 emissions. The share of new vehicles emitting less than 120 grams of CO2 per kilometer has doubled in a few months. But INSEE specifies that "the observation of this phenomenon alone is not, however, sufficient to assess the capacity of the measure to reduce total CO2 emissions. The size of the vehicle fleet, its composition and the mileage per car are thus parameters. The effect on sales of new vehicles must also be taken into account, as their production emits a lot of CO2. "
New car production increases CO2 emissions
The conclusions of the INSEE study are clear: "In the short term, the bonus / penalty, in the formula implemented in 2008, would have increased total CO2 emissions by nearly 170 kilotons per quarter, ie an increase 1,2%. This result is mainly explained by the increase in sales of new vehicles, the production of which increases emissions. "
The Institute is however reassuring. Far from wanting to condemn the "ecological bonus-malus" tax system, INSEE specifies that estimating its impact over the long term is more difficult. "The bonus / penalty could indeed encourage manufacturers to produce more models that pollute less. It is also possible that buyers have partly overreacted in 2008, thinking that the measure would not be sustainable."
The ecological bonus / penalty: evaluation elements
Pauline Givord and Xavier d'Haultfoeuille, Markets and Business Strategies Division, Insee
Summary
The ecological bonus / penalty, original system for taxing new vehicles, was introduced in January 2008. By offering a premium for the purchase of new vehicles with the lowest CO2 emissions and by taxing purchases of the most polluting vehicles, its objective is to contribute to lower CO2 emissions
The incentive to buy less polluting vehicles quickly produced its effects since the share of new vehicles emitting less than 120 grams of CO2 per kilometer doubled in a few months. However, the observation of this phenomenon alone is not sufficient to assess the measure's ability to reduce total CO2 emissions. The size of the car fleet, its composition and the mileage per car are thus essential parameters. The effect on sales of new vehicles must also be taken into account, since their production emits a lot of CO2.
New vehicle registration data and the Transport survey were used to produce a first estimate of these effects. In the short term, the bonus / penalty, in the formula implemented in 2008, would have increased total CO2 emissions by almost 170 kilotonnes per quarter, an increase of 1,2%. This result is mainly explained by the increased sales of new vehicles, the production of which increases emissions.
Estimating the long-term impact is more difficult. Firstly, the maintenance of the 2008 scale over a long period has become a pure textbook case since the system was gradually tightened after 2009. Then, the costing is very dependent on the assumptions made on the size of the car fleet and behavior driving. If the 2008 scale had been maintained and assuming that the 2008 “response” continues indefinitely, the long-term balance would have been very negative, due to the increase in the size of the fleet induced by the fall in the price of the models. entry level. With a less advantageous scale and the same response behaviors as in 2008, we obtain a more balanced balance sheet, close to neutrality in terms of CO2 emissions.
There are other factors that should be taken into account for a more comprehensive long-term review, but they are difficult to quantify. The bonus / penalty could indeed encourage manufacturers to produce more less polluting models. It is also possible that the buyers partially over-reacted in 2008, believing that the measure would not be permanent.
This exercise shows the diversity of channels through which a bonus / penalty system affects CO2 emissions and the difficulty of assessing them exhaustively. It also shows how useful it is to know how to anticipate the effect of financial incentive (or disincentive) on sales, to define the most suitable calibration of such a tool, according to the objectives selected.
This text is based on a study conducted by Xavier D'Haultfœuille, Pauline Givord and Xavier Boutin from the “Markets and Business Strategies” division of INSEE. It was published as a working document of the Department of Economic Studies and Syntheses (n ° G2011 / 14)
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