This graphene circuit produces energy indefinitely

[ABC2019]

no problem, I too am a little tired of looping, I will wait to answer that you give a balance of work and heat in your resistance, that Obamot tell me if he agrees or not with the definition of the lethality given in the WHO document that I provided him, and that janic enlightens us on the epistemological status of homeopathy.

Yes I know, my questions are super aggressive !!!

[izentrop]

I too am a little tired of looping

For me, thermodynamics has no secrets for you, on the other hand the pedagogy to explain it to neophytes is not that.

You failed to give an understandable reason why the stirring energy of electrons at room temperature absolutely cannot be extracted, whether from a classical resistance or from graphene does not change anything, the same for the 'Casimir effect (I extrapolate ).

For me there is no doubt, but even said like that, Electron and obamot will continue to disbelieve us (Doctor Who is doing it well, so why not )
... you're right, leave it alone

[eclectron]

For me there is no doubt

Well that's wrong.
So I'll make you question yourself.

What is the difference between a 50Hz generator and a white noise generator?

From how many mixed frequencies does a generator become unusable?

Is a 1000Vpp white noise voltage generator usable or not?

From what low voltage does a white noise generator become unusable in theory (no practical considerations)?

[ENERC]

If energy is extracted from a generator regardless of its spectral composition (single frequency or white noise), the free enthalpy must be preserved.

And so the graphene circuit (subject of this discussion) cools down.
It can only generate energy if something warms it up to keep it at constant T

If what you're talking about is a high efficiency graphene thermocouple, then that gets pretty damn interesting.

[ABC2019]

From what low voltage does a white noise generator become unusable in theory (no practical considerations)?

from the moment when its power per unit frequency falls below the limit of thermal noise (kb T) - precisely the value of natural fluctuations.

[ABC2019]

I too am a little tired of looping

For me, thermodynamics has no secrets for you, on the other hand the pedagogy to explain it to neophytes is not that.

You failed to give an understandable reason why the stirring energy of electrons at room temperature absolutely cannot be extracted, whether from a classical resistance or from graphene does not change anything, the same for the 'Casimir effect (I extrapolate ).

this is normal, I have not tried, since statistical fluctuations are not the responsibility of thermodynamics . The thermo only deals with statistical sets with the limit N-> infinite, in reality all the statistical quantities are defined to the nearest thermal fluctuations. You have to use the mecha stat to describe them, and there it is more technical. but what must be remembered is that fluctuations remain only fluctuations, and cannot be "harvested", because any system seeking to "harvest" them is itself subject to fluctuations which make it inoperative.

It is much more technical to demonstrate (fluctuation-dissipation theorem) but you can take my word for it .

[izentrop]

generator

is an overused term. In reality it does not generate anything, it only transforms one energy into another, always with a little loss in the process.

fluctuations remain only fluctuations, and cannot be "harvested", because any system seeking to "harvest" them is itself subject to fluctuations which make it inoperative.

You confirm, "fluctuation" is indeed more meaningful than "white noise" or "Casimir effect" to understand that we can not get anything out of it.

It's much more technical to demonstrate (fluctuation-dissipation theorem) but you can take my word for it.

I trust you in this area.

It does not mean that I give you my approval for other subjects like the RC

[eclectron]

generator

is an overused term. In reality it does not generate anything, it only transforms one energy into another, always with a little loss in the process.

Uh ... like any generator ?!

[Christophe]

Another article (if not already posted above? I know more ...), there is in particular this diagram:

circuit-production-energie-graphene-diodes.jpeg (18.35 KiB) Viewed 1197 times

[nonoLeRobot]

It would not be the same principle as Atmos clocks ( https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendule_Atmos )

It exploits temperature variations as clocks exploit pressure variations.

It's not really interesting from an energy point of view (because very low) but it seems great to me to avoid chemical batteries everywhere.