Heating low entropy production

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Ortograf-fr
I discovered econologic
I discovered econologic
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Registration: 05/05/07, 18:41
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Heating low entropy production




by Ortograf-fr » 18/08/07, 16:12

Heaters with low entropy production Use of the "ideal heat pump" model to illustrate new energy saving requirements. The most economical heating must reduce as much as possible not only the energy losses, but also the energy degradations.
by Ortograf-fr


Entropy production is a degradation of energy that occurs in particular each time non-calorific energy is transformed into heat or each time heat is exchanged between two bodies at different temperatures.
She's equivalent to a loss of energy resources, as will be illustrated here by comparing building heating budgets with the following three cases:
a) heating by electric radiator: high production of entropy,
b) heating with a real heat pump: low production of entropy,
c) heating with an ideal heat pump: without producing entropy.

1 °) The "ideal" heat pump, an unrealizable reference, but perfectly known, and which corresponds to heating without producing entropy.

Building heating without any entropy production is impossible, but it is very easy to imagine.
This would be achieved with the best heat pump imaginable, in other words with an “ideal” heat pump.
Its electric motor would present neither friction, nor Joule effect. And above all, the part of the heat pump used to heat the apartment would have a temperature very little higher and practically equal to that of the apartment, at the same time as the part of the heat pump which is used to extract heat from the outside environment would have a temperature very little lower and practically equal to that of this environment.
In other words, the two heat exchanges carried out by the pump would occur each time with an infinitesimal temperature difference.

Heating physicists and specialists know very well how to calculate the efficiency that such an installation could have. You can call it "theoretical maximum yield". It only depends on the two temperatures which intervene: that of the air of time and that of the apartment which one heats.
To maintain an apartment at 20 ° C, with an outside temperature of 15 ° C, the yield would be sixty, in other words 6000%.
With an outside temperature of 10 ° C, this yield would be 30, ie 3000%.
The efficiency of an ideal heat pump is therefore commonly 10 to 30 times greater than that of real heat pumps, which is itself three or four times greater than the efficiency of 100% of an electric radiator.

2) Heating without entropy production: the new benchmark for measuring the performance of a heating system.

By comparing the three devices: electric radiator, real heat pump, and ideal heat pump, we thus arrive at the following conclusions:

a) A yield of 100%, which translates heating without loss of energy, is no longer the ideal to achieve in terms of heating, since one commonly achieves a yield three or four times better with a heat pump.

b) The ideal heat pump is actually the simplest educational model, to show that the new benchmark model, to measure the practical performance of a heating system, is heating without producing entropy.
Any production of entropy is in fact equivalent to a loss of energy resources.
The best performance imaginable for a heating installation corresponds to heating without producing entropy, and its value is much higher than 100% with all the usual energy resources.

c) In a real heating device, the consumption of resources due to entropy production can be much higher than that due to energy loss.
For example, in the case of heating by an electric radiator, the energy has already lost, due to the production of entropy, more than 95% of its value by the time it is in the form of heat in the air from the apartment, and she only loses the few remaining percent when she crosses the walls of the house to warm up the air of time.

See also the document: "All traditional heaters are incompatible with good management of our energy resources".

d) To minimize the production of entropy, the number of energy transformations and the number of heat exchanges must be reduced to a minimum. The best device in this sense is not the heat pump, but the heating by cogeneration. In this case, the heat used is simply the heat released by a nuclear power plant or by any generator.

3 °) Interest:
Up to 100% efficiency for a heating system has so far been the best we could hope for.
While, obviously, we can do much better, a lack of language contributed to make us content with this very poor performance.

When an efficiency exceeds 100%, we decide not to call it “efficiency”, and we call it “COP”, ie “coefficient of performance”. This is the word used in connection with heat pumps. In this way, many people still believe that a return cannot exceed 100%.

Consequently, technological research is not spurred on by the very poor performance of our heaters, compared to what we are entitled to expect.

In other words, we neglect to develop cogeneration, which would provide as much heat and as much electricity, while consuming half as much energy resources.

The ecological interest and the economic stake represented by the new requirement of the heating with low production of entropy are then obvious, in a context or the ecological requirements combine with the limitation of the resources to encourage to reduce the consumption of these resources.

http://alrg.free.fr/ortograf/entropiegaspi
See also "Ecology by cogeneration" from the home page of
http://ortograf.fr
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