For those who believe that oil will disappear, there are plenty of ways to do with the sun, and even directly with
a microalgae bacterium capable of containing 85% of the weight of its body in perfect oil, identical to that of oil wells, without any necessary transformation, moreover without pollution like the sulfur of the oil wells and the balance in CO2 is perfect totally recycled, for much cheaper than at present.
We know the microalgae that make oil directly Botryococcus braunii known as a botryococcenes, which fill their body of oil with 85% of their dry weight, then buried in the ground, ideal for making oil, but they grow 8 times more slowly than the other algae, which should allow to use them in a little less hurry:
http://www.physorg.com/news187634357.html
http://www.physorg.com/news187634357.html
races of the green algae typically "accumulate hydrocarbons from to 30 percent to 40 percent of their dry weight, and are capable of obtaining hydrocarbon contents up to 86 percent of their dry weight.
The fuels derived from B. braunii hydrocarbons are chemically identical to gasoline, diesel and kerosene, "Devarenne said." Thus, we do not call them biodiesel or bio-gasoline; they are simply diesel and gasoline
Scientists do groundwork for genetic mapping of algae biofuel species
Using green algae to produce hydrocarbon oil for biofuel production is nothing new; nature has been doing so for millions of years, according to Texas AgriLife Research Scientist.
"Oils from the green algae Botryococcus braunii can be readily detected in petroleum deposits and coal deposits suggesting that B. braunii has been a contributor to developing these deposits and may be the major contributor, "said Dr. Timothy Devarenne, AgriLife Research scientist with the Texas A&M University department of biochemistry and biophysics . "This means that we are already using these oils to produce gasoline from petroleum."
It's not just a science trivia gee-whiz, Devarenne said. B. braunii is a prime candidate for biofuel production some races of the green algae typically "accumulate hydrocarbons from to 30 percent to 40 percent of their dry weight, and are capable of obtaining hydrocarbon contents up to 86 percent of their dry weight.
"As a group, algae may be the only photosynthetic organism capable of producing enough biofuel to meet transportation fuel demands."
Devarenne is part of a team of other scientists with AgriLife Research, the University of Kentucky and the University of Tokyo trying to understand more about B. braunii, including its genetic sequence and its family history.
"Without understanding how the cellular machinery of a given algae works on the molecular level, it won't be possible to improve characteristics such as oil production, faster growth rates or increased photosynthesis," Devarenne said.
Like most green algae, B. braunii is able OF PRODUCING great water equivalent of hydrocarbon oils in a very small land area.
B. braunii algae show promise Particular not Just Because of Their high output of oil goal aussi Because of the kind of oil They Produce, Devarenne said. While Many high-oil-producing algae create vegetable oils deviation, the oil from B. braunii, Known As botryococcenes, are similar to petroleum.
"The fuels derived from B. braunii hydrocarbons are chemically identical to gasoline, diesel and kerosene," Devarenne said. "Thus, we do not call them biodiesel or bio-gasoline; they are simply diesel and gasoline. To produce these fuels from B. braunii, the hydrocarbons are processed exactly the same as petroleum is processed and thus generates the exact same fuels. , these B. braunii hydrocarbons are a main constituent of petroleum. So there is no difference other than the millions of years petroleum spent underground. "
But, a shortcoming of B. braunii is its relatively slow growth rate. While the algae that produce 'vegetable-type' oils can double their growth every six to 12 hours, He Said.
"Thus, getting large amounts of oil from B. braunii is more time consuming and thus more costly," Devarenne said. "So, by knowing the genome sequence we can possibly identify genes involved in cell division and manipulate them to reduce the doubling rate."
Despite these characteristics and economic potential of algae, only six species of genetically modified organisms have fully sequenced and annotated, Devarenne said. And B. braunii is not one of the six.
B. braunii and sequencing its genome.
They are working the Berkeley strain of the B race of B. braunii, so named because it was first isolated at the University of California at Berkeley. The team has determined the genome size and an estimate of the race-guanine-cytosine content, both of which are essential to mapping the full genome, he said. There are also A and L breeds of B. braunii, but they were not looked at by the team.
Guanine-cytosine bonds are one of the basic peers composing DNA structure. Adenine-thymine is the other possible base pair.
"Genomes with high guanine-cytosine content can be difficult to sequence and knowing the guanine-cytosine content can help to assess the amount of resources needed for genome sequencing," Devarenne said.
The team determined B. braunii's genome size to be 166.2 ± 2.2 million base pairs, Devarenne said. The size of the human genome is about 3.1 billion base pairs. That of the house mouse is also about 3 billion base pairs. But the B. braunii genome size is larger than any of the other six previously sequenced green algae genomes.
The team also looked at the phylogenetic placement of B. braunii - where it belongs in the family tree of similar algae species. They may be known to be of the opinion that the genetics of B. braunii may be different from those of the genetics of humans. by another algal species.
To check this, they used a process called reverse transcription to isolate genes from a pure culture of the B race of B. braunii, and then to confirm the relationship of the race to other races of B. braunii.
"Our results support the original Berkeley DNA sequence used for phylogenetic placement was from a contaminating algae," Devarenne said. "And our study places the B race of B. braunii in the correct location on the 'algal family tree'."
The actual genome sequencing and mapping will be performed by DOE's Joint Genome Institute.
"We've submitted genomic DNA from B. braunii for JGI to use in sequencing, but that hasn't begun yet," he said.
