ITER when?

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moinsdewatt
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Re: ITER when?




by moinsdewatt » 13/02/21, 11:28

The first of the 7 superconducting solenoids for Iter has been completed. It is a tazu participation in the ITER program.

First ITER solenoid module completed

05 February 2021

General Atomics (GA) has completed the construction and testing of the first of seven superconducting magnet modules that will make up the Central Solenoid of the ITER international fusion machine. The module is part of the USA's largest contribution to the fusion project, and will be shipped to the ITER construction site in France later this year.

The module was built at GA's Magnet Technologies Center in Poway, California, under the direction of the US ITER project, managed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Fabrication of the module began in 2015. The module was tested during and after its production in extreme conditions similar to those it will experience during ITER operation, including near-complete vacuum and cryogenic temperatures required for the magnet to become superconducting (4.5 Kelvin, - 270 degrees Celsius). Components were evaluated at the SULTAN testing facility in Switzerland.

Each module is 14 feet (4.3 meters) in diameter, weighs 113 tonnes and is composed of more than three miles about (5 kilometers) of niobium-tin superconducting cable. Lessons learned on the first module have been applied to the fabrication of the subsequent six coils, one of which will serve as a spare, GA said. The second module is being tested and is expected to be shipped to ITER soon after the first.

When completed, the 1000-tonne, 59-foot-tall Central Solenoid will stand at the core of the ITER tokamak, driving 15 million amperes of current through ITER's plasma to heat and stabilize the fusion reaction. The central solenoid is one of 12 hardware systems that US ITER, funded by the Department of Energy Office of Science Fusion Energy Sciences, is providing to the project.

"The Central Solenoid ranks among the largest, most complex and demanding magnet programs ever undertaken," GA Director of Engineering and Projects John Smith said. "We have all felt the responsibility of working on a job that has the potential to literally change the world."

ITER is being built in Cadarache, France, is designed to demonstrate that fusion energy can be generated on Earth at an industrial scale. It is now more than 70% complete and is expected to begin first plasma operations in 2025.


https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Arti ... -completed
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moinsdewatt
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Re: ITER when?




by moinsdewatt » 13/05/21, 10:46

Nuclear fusion: latest news from Iter

Laurent Sacco futura science 12/05/2021

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7 min video dated 2020 https://www.futura-sciences.com/science ... ter-82181/
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Re: ITER when?




by izentrop » 08/06/21, 07:57

Last week, Chinese scientists managed to operate for more than 100 seconds, at a record temperature, a device that simulates the energy process that takes place in the sun, in other words nuclear fusion.
The 'artificial sun', called the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), managed to generate plasma temperatures of 120 million degrees Celsius for 101 seconds, before scientists hit temperatures of 160 million degrees Celsius for 20 extra seconds.
Image https://fr.businessam.be/fusion-nucleai ... artificiel
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Re: ITER when?




by moinsdewatt » 08/06/21, 08:50

We do not know if this Chinese performance brings closer the possibility of recovering energy to one day make a machine that can generate megaWatts of electricity, or at what timeframe.
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Re: ITER when?




by izentrop » 08/06/21, 10:19

Only the ITER tokamak will be able to claim the self-maintenance of the plasma it seems. :?: :?:
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Re: ITER when?




by GuyGadeboisTheBack » 08/06/21, 12:40

Nice info, Izy. Image
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Re: ITER when?




by Remundo » 09/06/21, 00:12

these things will never produce more energy than what was injected into them

the net energy produced by these gadgets is even strongly negative.

Without saying that, intrinsically, neutrogenic plasmas at 100 ° C do not allow the durability of the materials that surround them to be considered.

And also that the instabilities of the plasma create phenomena of induction and Laplace forces which twist the elements of the walls.

Deuterium-Tritium fuel practically does not exist in nature. Deuterium is found somewhat in the oceans, but very rare.

As for Tritium, it is assumed to be produced by the impact of fast neutrons on tritigene lithium-6 plates placed on the walls of the reactor.

Lithium 6 by itself is not very abundant. But there is enough of it, about 7-8% of natural lithium, provided that an isotopic separation is carried out.

I say good luck !!
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Re: ITER when?




by izentrop » 17/06/21, 00:59

Remundo sources?

ITER will soon be equipped with the most powerful magnet in the world https://trustmyscience.com/iter-sera-bi ... t-au-monde
This magnet would be able to lift an aircraft carrier two meters above the ground! Integrated into the heart of the International thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER), it should make it possible to produce an almost unlimited amount of energy, without any carbon emissions. Left this week from the factory of the manufacturer General Atomics, in California, the components of the first module of this magnet are currently in transit to France.

This will undoubtedly be one of the most closely watched convoys: the components must reach the Cadarache nuclear studies center without a hitch, where they will form the central solenoid of the tokamak, the most powerful electromagnet in the world. As a reminder, the ITER project is a nuclear fusion reactor project, supported by a coalition of 35 countries, aimed at demonstrating that it is possible to produce a massive amount of energy without polluting emissions.
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Re: ITER when?




by izentrop » 17/06/21, 01:48

Remundo wrote:these things will never produce more energy than what was injected into them
The amount of energy produced by the fusion reaction is about 4 million times greater than that generated by chemical reactions such as the combustion of coal, oil or natural gas. While a 1 MW coal-fired power plant burns 000 million tonnes of coal per year, a fusion power plant like those that might be operational in the second half of the 2,7st century will only consume 250 kilograms of fuel each year, divided equally between deuterium and tritium.

Very small quantities of deuterium and tritium are sufficient to feed the fusion reaction (inside the vacuum chamber the quantity of fuel in the plasma never exceeds a few grams). Fusion is therefore a reaction which is very economical in fuel and also a very safe reaction because the quantity of fuel present in the chamber only allows combustion to be supplied for a few seconds (there is no danger of runaway).

To obtain deuterium, it suffices to distill water, whether it is freshwater or seawater. This resource is widely available and practically inexhaustible. Each cubic meter of seawater contains 33 grams of deuterium, which is routinely extracted for scientific and industrial purposes.

The fusion reaction thus makes it possible to produce tritium continuously. Once the fusion reaction has started in a tokamak, it will suffice to sustain it by supplying it with deuterium and lithium, two elements available in abundance. https://www.iter.org/fr/sci/fusionfuels
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Re: ITER when?




by Remundo » 17/06/21, 08:31

the source is that no tokamak has ever managed to maintain its fusion reaction for more than a few seconds. And that we are obliged to build this cathedral without being sure to do better.

the energy balance of a tokamak is absolutely catastrophic.

It takes an enormous amount of energy to bring matter to the state of plasma, and even more to maintain this plasma.

Even when we cross Lawson's criterion, namely that we are starting the merger, the game is still far from won.

because the plasma, brought to 100 ° C, loses a lot of energy by various physical mechanisms
1) thermal and radiative losses
2) hypervelocity neutrons that come out of the plasma
3) particles torn from the walls that enter the plasma
4) electromagnetic losses by "bremstrahlung" particles in the plasma (especially helium and impurity from the walls).

the question is not that 100 kg of fusion fuel is sufficient, the question is the energy balance of the pan which is the seat of thermonuclear reactions.

ITER, like other tokamaks, is more of a pan that you have to heat all the time, than a real source of heat.
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