chatelot16 wrote:for diesel there is possible confusion with multiple other source of particles: heating, industry, tire and road wear, and even gasoline engine which I am not convinced that they do not make particles at all
Petrol vehicles produce particles, but in smaller quantities.
As for petrol vehicles with direct injection, they produce as much as diesels.
The difference between the production of particles is therefore not very significant between the latest generation Diesel / petrol engines, on the other hand the harmfulness of particles from diesel are considered to be certain carcinogenic, whereas for petrol it is considered to be possible carcinogenic .
It is therefore urgent to get rid of "fossil propulsion".
As for the other reasons you mention (heating, industry), it remains responsible for pollution and must be considered as an aggravating factor, but not as the main factor (except in special cases).