Climate: Weather balance France 2010

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Climate: Weather balance France 2010




by Christophe » 08/01/11, 22:16

Results of the year 2010

Overall balance of the year 2010


With a lower annual temperature of 0,3 ° C than the reference average 1971-2000, the year 2010 is positioned in mainland France as the coolest of the last two decades, with 1996. To find a cooler year, go back to 1987 with a lower average temperature of 0,5 ° C than normal *. These low temperatures have also affected all of Northern Europe. However, the diagnosis is very different on a global scale since the global average temperature of the year 2010, including land and oceans, is one of the hottest 130 in recent years.

Cumulative across the country, the amount of water collected in 2010 was slightly in deficit. But this global diagnosis masks some disparities: precipitation was below normal over most of the western half of the country as well as on the northern Alps and the Jura. Conversely, they were surplus in Alsace, southern Burgundy, Auvergne, eastern Languedoc, the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region and Corsica.

The cumulative sunshine hours over the year were close to the average ** in the eastern half of the country, and generally above average in the western half.


Several remarkable weather events have marked this year 2010: very frequent snowfall during winter, storm Xynthia 27 and 28 February accompanied by exceptional surcounts leading to serious floods, several rainy episodes notably the June 15 on the Var then the 6 and 7 September on Languedoc and Provence. In the Overseas Territories, two cyclones affected French Polynesia: 1er's Oli at 6 February on the Society Islands and the Austral Islands, then Tomas 14 and 15 March on Futuna.

(...)

December
Temperatures were unusually low during this month of December punctuated by three successive cold waves. With a lower average temperature of 3 ° C than normal, December 2010 is the coldest December of these last 40 years. Rainfall was largely negative from Nord - Pas - de - Calais to Brittany and the south - west quarter, but much higher than normal from the Center to Alsace. Given the cold temperatures, this precipitation has often occurred in the form of snow. Sunshine was generous in the western half of the country, but below average in the north-east quarter.

2010 year through the seasons

Winter (December-January-February)

As cold as its predecessor and with an average temperature over France of 1,2 ° C below normal, the winter 2009-2010 is positioned among the cold, but not exceptional, winters of recent years. However, it was distinguished by several cold waves well marked in early January and mid-February. Regarding the number of days of snowfall observations, the winter 2009-2010 is positioned as one of the snowiest 30 last years. The thicknesses, however, remain quite far from historical records. Despite these repeated snowfalls, the winter rainfall has remained limited. Only the Mediterranean regions experienced much excess rainfall. To a lesser degree, the rains were also above normal in Brittany, Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Alsace. The sun was clearly in deficit over a large part of the country, except in the west of France. The last days of winter were marked by the passage of a very severe storm called Xynthia. From the Vendée to the Northeast, winds exceeded 150 km / h on the coast and the landforms and often reached 120 at 130 km / h in the lowlands inland.

Spring (March-April-May)

Averaged in France, the spring temperature remains close to normal, with a positive anomaly of 0,2 ° C. The mildness of April contrasted with the freshness observed in March and especially in May. This spring, 2010 showed cumulative rainfall deficits in the northern and western half of the country. On the other hand, precipitation exceeded seasonal averages in the Southeast, with the exception of the Côte d'Azur and the Southern Alps. Sunshine was above average over most of the country except the southeast quarter. The sun was particularly generous on Lower Normandy where the surpluses approached one and a half times normal.

Summer (June-July-August)

The averaged temperatures over the season were above normal with an anomaly of + 0,9 ° C, which ranks this summer at 10 rank of the hottest since 1950. Values ​​were generally closer to normal over the west of the country. This summer, 2010 showed cumulative rainfall deficits or near normal on the west facade, from Aquitaine to Normandy, but not on the west of Brittany. The deficit was also present from Roussillon to the Rhone Valley. On the other hand, precipitation exceeded the seasonal averages of Touraine in the North, Limousin to Alsace and Bouches-du-Rhône to Corsica. These surpluses were often the result of very intense rainfall events such as that of June 15 in the Var. The sunshine was in line with the average over most of the country, slightly lower than the Center in the Ardennes. The sun was noticeably more generous from southern Brittany to Cotentin, from Landes to the Basque Country and from Midi-Pyrénées to Roussillon.

Fall (September-October-November)

Despite some mild periods, especially in early October and November, the average temperature over the whole of autumn is close to normal. As in 2009, the rainfall of the autumn was contrasted: the rainfall was often lower than the normals of the Vosges in the Northern Alps and the Deux-Sèvres in the Indre. They posted a surplus on Brittany, Auvergne, Landes, Pyrénées-Orientales and locally on the South-East. These surpluses are due to several episodes presenting a marked or even exceptional character, like that touching Gard and Vaucluse the 6 and 7 September. The sun has been generous over almost the entire territory, with values ​​closer to the Cotentin average in Nord-Pas-de-Calais and the Pyrenees in the South-East.

Major weather events of the year 2010

Cyclone Oli from 1er at 6 February (French Polynesia)
A moderate tropical depression dubbed OLI, located on the 1er February at 1500 km from Tahiti, north-west of the Southern Cooks, headed for the Society's archipelago becoming strong on February 2. Striking the island of Mopelia on the morning of 3 February, Oli became a tropical cyclone at the end of the day. Winds near the center were then above 120 km / h, gusting to 170 km / h and minimum pressure of 974 hPa. The following night, Oli circulated closer to Tahiti, about 300 km from the island on which gusts reached 85 km / h at Faa'a. On the day of 4 February, Oli moved to the southeast, reaching its peak of intense tropical cyclone stage. The minimum pressure was then estimated at 925 hPa; winds near the center were estimated at 180 km / h with gusts at 200 km / h. Oli began to falter in the evening of February 4 by shifting to the North Austral Islands archipelago. There was a strong swell (8 9 m height) and a surge of 1,5 m. At the end of the following night, the eye of the cyclone circulated above Tubuai where the maximum wind measured reached 170 km / h. Oli lost its cyclonic character during the night of 5 at 6 February before evacuating French Polynesia. It is among the most intense cyclones since 30 years with Orama (1982), Veena (1983), Osea (1997) and Kim (2000).

Storm Xynthia the 27 and 28 February
Without being as exceptional as the storms Lothar and Martin of December 1999 or Klaus in January 2009, a violent storm, dubbed Xynthia, hit France the 27 and 28 February after hitting Portugal and Spain. Returning to the Bay of Biscay at the end of the day of February 27, sweeping Galicia and the Spanish Basque Country, she touched the French Atlantic coast in the night of 27 February 28, the maximum of its digging (969 hPa), before to continue its route towards the north of France. After France, its violent winds hit the south-east of England, Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany and the Netherlands. The strongest gusts of wind hit a wide swath of territory, from the Charente-Maritime to the Ardennes. On the edge of the depression, strong winds were also observed in the afternoon of February 27 in the mountains, at the foot of the Pyrenees, as well as in the Rhone Valley. The maximum gusts observed in the lowlands reached 160 km / h on the coast and from 120 km / h to 130 km / h in the interior. Xynthia produced significant sea-level rise, which, in tune with a high-tide high tide, caused exceptional submersion phenomena on the Vendée and Charente-Maritime coasts. Causing the death of 53 people, Xynthia is the deadliest storm in France since December 1999.

(...)


Details and source: http://climat.meteofrance.com/chgt_clim ... e_id=14104
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