Microalgae: BFS fuel plant plankton in Alicante

crude vegetable oil, diester, bio-ethanol or other biofuels, or fuel of vegetable origin ...
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chatelot16
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by chatelot16 » 09/03/12, 20:36

to make green water, full of any seaweed is not very interesting ... to do what? no more value than the green waste that persone does not exploit

what is interesting is to make the good seaweed to have oil or oil
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by Christophe » 09/03/12, 22:00

Big thanks for this very informative message !!
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by dedeleco » 09/03/12, 23:07

chatelot16 wrote:to make green water, full of any seaweed is not very interesting ... to do what? no more value than the green waste that persone does not exploit

what is interesting is to make the good seaweed to have oil or oil


Any green waste, well dried in the sun, burns perfectly in a stove, when the seaweed pellets ???

Chatelot 16 has not read any links strictly !!
There are many others to read !!

The same green alga (or other poisonous at sea oil), produced very differently depending on the culture conditions with or without stress!

https://www.econologie.info/share/partag ... j8tl8j.pdf
http://www.aidic.it/ibic2010/webpapers/58Scarsella.pdf


When we starve these algae ("starvation") before, they accumulate much more strong reserves of lipids, to resist future famine, and ideal for making petroleum.
This seems true for many algae, as well as bears that hibernate !!


The mixotrophy, heterotrophy and autotrophy assay, conducted in the
same conditions of irradiance, algal concentration and medium culture, show that C.
vulgaris is able to increase its lipid content from ~ 6% (balanced-, autotrophically-grown
biomass) to ~ 40% and highlighted the difference between the type (ie, polar gold
nonpolar) of the lipids accumulated on nitrogen and phosphorus starvation.


The condition of mixotrophy was induced by glucose
the culture broth in concentration of 6 gr / L and exposing culture to the normal circadian
cycle. The condition of heterotrophy was induced by adding glucose to the medium in
Concentration of 6 gr / L and then maintaining the tubes in complete dark.
The nutrient
limiting conditions studied: nitrogen limitation, nitrogen deprivation, simultaneous
nitrogen limitation and phosphorus limitation, simultaneous nitrogen limitation
phosphorus deprivation.


Actually, one of the most promising feedstock for biodiesel production are unicellular
algae (Demirbas, 2009, Pienkos, 2009). In fact, when compared with superior plants
microalgae show higher photosynthetic efficiency, higher biomass productivities and
faster growth rates. This aspect, with high intracellular lipid content, can

possibly make a number of unicellular algae species among the most efficient
producers of lipids of the planet.
Moreover unlike traditional oilseed crops, microalgae crops do not need of herbicides
gold pesticides and can be performed in gold ponds or photobioreactors on non-arable lands
including marginal areas unsuitable for agricultural purposes, minimizing damages
caused to eco and food chains (Chisti, 2007) and without compromising the
production of food, fodder and other products derived from crops.
Furthermore, unicellular algae physiology can be manipulated to obtain certain
desiderated effects. It is well known the possibility of addressing algal metabolism
to the accumulation of lipid in spite of cellular duplication and protein synthesis
imposing nutrient limiting conditions
. Some microalgae are capable of use organic
substrates in regimen of mixotrophy and heterotrophy.
Chlorella vulgaris has a great potential as a resource for biodiesel production due to
faster growth and easier cultivation. However, lipids content in Chlorella vulgaris under
general growth conditions is up to ~ 20% by weight of dry biomass
(Illman et al., 2000;
Spolaore et al., 2006), which can not meet the standard industrial requirements.
In this study, an in-dept investigation on the growth rate and lipid yield of Chlorella
vulgaris in a wide range of growing conditions is presented. Various combinations of
starvation are designed to turn the metabolism into an anabolic lipid accumulating
phase. In order to obtain matchable data, the assays are conducted in the same
conditions of irradiance, algal concentration and culture
mixotrophy and heterotrophy. Objective of the study was to define the most suitable
growing conditions for large scale biodiesel production.

The biomass productivity shows how the complete deprivation of nitrogen gold
phosphorus do not support a high productivity, reasonably for the impossibility to
develop a variety of fundamental physiological processes and cellular structures. The
double limitation to give the highest productivity, showing an unbalanced growth.
That means that microalgae have been accumulating substrates that increase biomass culture
but not the cells density. The lipid yield ranged from the 7,7% to the 39.4% of the dry
weight (figure 2), evidencing the possibility to switch the anabolic activity of the
protein and DNA synthesis to lipid accumulation


The results are clearly visible, both biomass and lipid productivity
lipid nonpolar content that, for large scale biodiesel production from Chlorella vulgaris
cultures the best option appears to be mixotrophic nitrogen limited and phosphorus
deprivated growth conditions


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by chatelot16 » 09/03/12, 23:38

yes I have not read it yet ...

I had not yet understood that it was torturing them ... it's not a blow to have a problem with the SPA society protecting algae

I thought it was enough to choose the right kind

Of course all organic matter can be fueled, but it's easier to get a dry result from the earth plants than algae full of water ... already I prefer the easily dry wood and neglects green waste too hard to dry to make fuel

but the explanation to make die of hunger is not enough for me: if the seaweed dies of hunger it dies and does not store anything ... it is necessary cycles of small famine to push it to store ...

Or does it lack some element so that it starts to store continuously?

I still can not find anything precise enough to hope to start testing
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by dedeleco » 10/03/12, 00:34

There are plenty of other articles on google scholar and seaweed seaweed Bruni has the same stress behavior.

The article gives enough info to try especially by reading his references and other articles.

http://www.aquoa.net/spip.php?article15

http://www.gardenguides.com/132059-idea ... rella.html

http://www.wikihow.com/Grow-Chlorella-f ... Supplement

http://www.teachingboxes.org/upwelling/ ... aeGrow.pdf


http://www.gardenguides.com/132059-idea ... rella.html

http://www.instructables.com/id/Simple- ... Culturing/

http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/ ... ofuels.pdf

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algoculture
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algaculture
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algae_fuel
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algocarburant
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microalgue
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphyte

https://www.econologie.info/share/partag ... q4cwNa.pdf


Sun drying is easy with simple solar collector with a chimney, even fast if they are in thin layers and the final temperature sets the final hygrometric degree, and it is the same for wood and all finely divided vegetable, even leaves of hay and grass that dries badly in heaps, but dries very quickly in thin layers (water diffusion on time as square of the thickness ) that it must change automatically once dry in a few minutes if very thin and hot, like a thin bath towel or thick in the hot sun.

To burn, the quality of the culture counts less than to eat and therefore the price can be lower with conditions of culture not precise, compared to edible seaweed where it is necessary to avoid any parasitic toxic algae.


Micro-algae are plants, so they realize photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the transformation of atmospheric carbon into vegetable matter through light energy. This reaction is complex and it is necessary that the conditions of culture are favorable so that it can be realized.
The light :

source:

For outdoor crops in large volumes (several tens of m3), it is reasonable to use the light energy of the sun. In contrast, in air-conditioned seaweed rooms the light is often artificial. The most widely used installations are conventional fluorescent tubes or high pressure metal halide lamps. The "color temperatures" that one should look for are a little different from that which one looks for in horticulture. Thus, for neon tubes, we prefer conventional tubes, of the "daylight" or "industrial white" type.

Intensity:

The light intensity is very dependent on the depth and density of the crops. Thus for a small volume (Erlenmeyer, balloons), an illumination of 1000 lux can suffice. On the other hand, the illumination required for bins or sheaths of more than 100 l is at least 5000 lux [1].

Conventional fluorescent tubes have a luminous efficiency of about 90 lumens / Watt, while HPS (high pressure sodium vapor) lamps have an efficiency of about 130 Lumens / Watt. A neon tube of 36W therefore produces a luminous flux of about 3240 Lumens, but this flux is not evenly distributed in space.

To find out more, the ERCO website

More simply: For erlens and balloons, a simple ramp should do the trick. For conical Plexiglas trays and for plastic sheaths (approx. 100 to 300 l), at least 1 tube will be placed per 100 liters of trays. For larger bins (1000 l), the use of sodium vapor lamps should be considered.

Duration of illumination:

The species cultivated in aquaculture grow very well in continuous lighting. In addition, the fluorescent tubes are less damaged by being constantly lit.
Temperature :

The growth of the main microalgae normally takes place at temperatures between 17 and 23 ° C. However, there are differences between species (Pavlova lutheri does not tolerate temperatures above 20 ° C) and even between strains (thus the "Tahiti" strain of Isochrisis galbana prefers higher temperatures).

The fluorescent tubes produce heat, so it is necessary to cool the crops or air of the seaweed room. Cellar air conditioners can be used for small rooms.

Note that in case of failure of the air conditioning it is better to turn off the lighting in the room because the temperature can rise dangerously for crops, which can instead support more than 12 hours of darkness.
Mineral salts :

The most important mineral salts for micro-algae are the same as for higher plants: Nitrogen and Phosphorus. Micro-algae must also be supplied with trace elements such as iron, manganese, cobalt, copper and molybdenum.

On the other hand, for diatoms, it is necessary to add silica in dissolved form (sodium metasilicate) to the culture medium. This salt dissolves very badly in the sea water, it is always necessary to prepare a solution of stock in demineralized water.

There are many "recipes" for culture media, some are adapted to particular microalgae or to particular conditions (fresh water, borehole water, etc.) but the main culture media used in aquaculture are Conway, the f / 2 of Provasoli or the middle of Walnes. The intermediate dilutions which must be prepared in these recipes serve to facilitate the dosages.




Ideal Growing Conditions for Chlorella

Chlorella is a type of green algae. It is a simple, single-celled organism that contains chlorophyll - giving it its characteristic green color. The growing and developing of chlorella as a crop in Asian cultures where it is used as a food source. Chlorella is also a valuable source of nutrition for other sea and freshwater creatures such as fish and shrimp. Like other plants, chlorella requires a few things to grow and multiply: sunlight, water, carbon dioxide and nutrients. Once these requirements have been met, chlorella will make use of the photosynthetic process to rapidly multiply.
Sunlight

For mass production, chlorella is grown outside in artificial concrete ponds. In most algae growing operations, the sunlight only breaks through the first few inches of water. This is due to the growth and development of the algae. As the cells multiply, the population becomes so crowded that they are unable to penetrate the water. The cells at the top of the world. Light is an essential component of photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into food. To overcome this problem, Chlorella Farm Ponds include rotating arms. The arms circulate the algae, ensuring cells from the bottom to the top, ensuring an even distribution of sunlight.
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Nutrients

To ensure high levels of growth in chlorella operations, provide algae with basic nutrients. Algae need nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for proper cell development and function. Additionally, iron and silica can be important in the absence of any of the above-mentioned conditions.
Water

Since chlorella live in water, care must be taken to make certain the growing environment remains healthy. Farmers begin with fresh, clean, natural water. However, many chlorella ponds are open to the elements. This leaves the water in which the chlorella is trying to grow exposed to possible invasion by other microorganisms or bacterial contamination. While these types of systems are less expensive to construct than their controlled counterparts, controlling production can not be allowed to regulate growth conditions. One possible solution to this situation would be the pond with transparent plastic. It will not only be allowed to grow in the future, but it will also allow the farmer to continue to grow.
Carbon Dioxide

The rotating arms of chlorella also help to incorporate carbon dioxide into the water. Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere as a waste product of human respiration. As the arms rotate, they move carbon dioxide from the surface into the water where it dissolves. Once it has been diffused through the water it is available for use by the chlorella cells. In water, the basic photosynthetic reaction is water + sunlight + carbon dioxide = glucose + oxygen. The glucose is used for fuel while the oxygen is released into the atmosphere as a waste product.
Temperature

Growing chlorella is a seasonal occupation as it requires hot weather and the subsequent warm water it produces. To support the growth of chlorella, the surrounding water should be as close to 82 degrees Fahrenheit as possible. In temperate regions, it is possible to grow throughout the year.

Read more: Ideal Growing Conditions for Chlorella | Garden Guides http://www.gardenguides.com/132059-idea ... z1ofYb8CKG
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by Christophe » 10/03/12, 07:45

dedeleco wrote:There are plenty of other articles on google scholar and seaweed seaweed Bruni has the same stress behavior.


Braunii you mean?

Info to copy paste here https://www.econologie.com/forums/biocarbura ... t6787.html et https://www.econologie.com/forums/pour-faire ... t3914.html
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Re: small question




by moinsdewatt » 11/03/12, 12:27

Well, concretely, BFS he evolves how for a year?

What development plans? What economic model?

Where is the plan to build a factory on the island of Madeira?
And the pilot plant in Alicante, will it grow?
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by Christophe » 11/03/12, 15:32

Good questions!

Who wants to go back to earth?

If not in virtual repor-terre via google?
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by Christophe » 23/03/12, 11:53

Yesterday special issue "algae" in Everything is explained on RTL TVi to review here: http://www.rtl.be/rtltvi/emission/tout- ... /4895.aspx

We saw the Alicante plant there with some interesting information including the presence of a "secret catalyst" in the growth reactors, small white balls that look a lot like ... nitrate :)

Recovery of the CO2 from a nearby factory ... price of the barrel blue petrol to 40 $ confirmed ...

We see a burner with a beautiful flame ... yellow ...

I learned that the conversion to oil is done in fact as in nature with T ° and pressure (no trans esterification or other extraction of oil ... but refining thereafter necessary if engine use).

Maybe that possibility to convert via the Laigret conversion method ? May be less expensive in energy (T ° and p = energy) ...

What good what! What are we waiting for to massively develop this technology? The flood" ?
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by dedeleco » 23/03/12, 13:50

Not visible in France, sorry !!!
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