Audi e-Diesel: electric diesel renewable fuel produced in Switzerland in Aargau

[NCSH]

Norsk-eFuel uses almost the same processes as for this synthetic diesel.
Co-electrolysis by very high efficiency electrolyser (SOEC: 80% or even +) of CO₂ and H₂O to obtain the synthesis gas (CO + H₂ ), then obviously FT reaction to obtain kerozene.
Quantified balance obtained: 17 kWh / liter.
200 MW of Sunfire electrolysers (1 MW each, in service no later than 2022), associated with DAC Climeworks.
So apparent efficiency of + 60% from hydroelectric and wind power in Norway, continuous production, 8 H per year.

For applications from solar energy, it will be necessary to use high power alkaline electrolysers (already 20 MW at Krupp, 100 MW in project, available by the end of the decade) whose efficiency is less good, but compatible with day / night use of around 2 / 600 hours per year in the intertropical band and its margins, at a rate of tens of TWc.
Apparent yield: about 50%, less if they are derivatives of methanol (an additional step).

Thermodynamic efficiency of thermal machines: more or less 40% commonly (aircraft reactors, hot diesel engine, "Miller cycle" type gasoline engine, etc.), in addition, a new generation is being prepared at 50% , aircraft reactors, diesel engines (already present in 2-stroke marine use), petrol engines in F1 (lean mixture and combustion chamber, ...).

In the end, we can count on 20, perhaps 25% of the starting solar energy which is transformed into useful mechanical energy.

Much more than what dirty propaganda announces since 2017!

Moreover, given the abundance of solar energy, what matters most is the cost. However, solar hydrogen will be by far the cheapest!

To discover the parallel universe of synthetic fuels, take the time to browse (15 min) the NCSH website: http://www.ncsh.eu/language/fr/accueil/

I'm not sure this link will work.

[Christophe]

Nice relaunch of the subject! Thank you !

The link works without problem!

ps: 40% you're a little generous anyway with HDI ... rather 33-35% max ... As you say, the best efficiency of an internal combustion engine is (from memory) at 52% with Sulzer (very) slow 2-stroke diesel engines ... which are almost the size of a building (engine for "very large" boats): Wärtsilä-Sulzer 14RT-flex96C https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4rt ... RT-flex96C

Consumption: 171 g / kWh (126 g / (hp h), or approximately 3,8 l / s) at full load; 163 g / kWh (120 g / (hp h)) at optimum efficiency

It is 13,5m high, 27,3m wide. It weighs more than 2 t in its largest version with 300 cylinders, delivering a power of 14 MW (or around 80,08 hp).

Hey Sulzer, it's also Swiss https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulzer which shows that Swiss quality no longer needs to be demonstrated!

[ABC2019]

Norsk-eFuel uses almost the same processes as for this synthetic diesel.
Co-electrolysis by very high efficiency electrolyser (SOEC: 80% or even +) of CO₂ and H₂O to obtain the synthesis gas (CO + H₂ ), then obviously FT reaction to obtain kerozene.
Quantified balance obtained: 17 kWh / liter.
200 MW of Sunfire electrolysers (1 MW each, in service no later than 2022), associated with DAC Climeworks.
So apparent efficiency of + 60% from hydroelectric and wind power in Norway, continuous production, 8 H per year.

hydro + wind: around 10% of global energy
Oil: 30% of the world's energy
But obviously we cannot devote everything to oil since it is also necessary to replace coal and gas, for about 50% of the total.

There is still work to be done.

[NCSH]

Some truck diesels are already 44% at optimum, so commonly 40 in real use.
It should be verified that Audi announced in 1998 a range of common rail diesel engine at 40%.
Miller cycle gasoline engines already reach 38% at the optimum (Audi TFSI range of 1.4, 1.5, 2 and 3 liters). Evolutions of these engines are announced, sometimes called "Deep Miller" like the study by Ricardo called "Magma" at more than 40% (RVC of 15, lean mixture, ...).


This is without taking into account the possible adaptation of the engine techniques to F1 pre-chambers which promise 50%.

Regarding the quantitative potentials, it should be noted that the use of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons is at 8 Mtoe per year, or around 000 kgep / inhabitant, but around 1 for the inhabitants of the OECD and 000 for the rest of the world. .
Non-fossil synthetic hydrocarbons could be produced in large quantities from solar energy, for essential uses at a global average of 500 kgep annually for 10 billion inhabitants.
This would require covering 1 km² of semi-desert surface, or about 1/50 of the intertropical strip and its margins. This corresponds to around 50 TWp of solar energy capture (photovoltaic or other) producing 100 TWh. This corresponds to 000 times the power currently installed in photovoltaics (70 GWp at the end of 700).
Or 50 toe / ha / year, 10 times more than for ethanol from sugar cane.
It's huge but possible.

19-06-27-Ricardo-How-to-achieve-the-next-steps-in-engine-efficiency-for-hybrid-vehicles.pdf

(4.53 million) Downloaded times 396

[Christophe]

Some truck diesels are already 44% at optimum, so commonly 40 in real use.
It should be verified that Audi announced in 1998 a range of common rail diesel engine at 40%.

44%? Source?

Non-fossil synthetic hydrocarbons could be produced in large quantities from solar energy, for essential uses at a global average of 500 kgep annually for 10 billion inhabitants.
This would require covering 1 km² of semi-desert surface, or about 1/50 of the intertropical strip and its margins. This corresponds to around 50 TWp of solar energy capture (photovoltaic or other) producing 100 TWh. This corresponds to 000 times the power currently installed in photovoltaics (70 GWp at the end of 700).
Or 50 toe / ha / year, 10 times more than for ethanol from sugar cane.
It's huge but possible.

Yes possible ... especially when it is "profitable" compared to the existing on the market ... That is to say not tomorrow the day before AMHA

I put "profitable" between "" because we do not take into account the true price of fossils ...

[Remundo]

interesting this CO2 - H2O electrolysis process to obtain CO - H2 syngas.

in addition to producing fuel, intermittency is not a problem.

[ABC2019]

interesting this CO2 - H2O electrolysis process to obtain CO - H2 syngas.

in addition to producing fuel, intermittency is not a problem.

it is a mirage. It would already produce an overpriced liter of gasoline with current techniques, so I'm not telling you when it will also be necessary to manufacture renewables without fossils ....

[GuyGadeboisTheBack]

It would already produce an overpriced liter of gasoline with current techniques, so I'm not telling you when it will also be necessary to manufacture renewables without fossils ....

Basically, random, esteem, ladle, guesswork, haphazard, wet finger, soiled underpants, pifometrically, coffee grounds, crystal ball, runes, to stroke? Poor clown ...

[NCSH]

interesting this CO2 - H2O electrolysis process to obtain CO - H2 syngas.

in addition to producing fuel, intermittency is not a problem.

it is a mirage. It would already produce an overpriced liter of gasoline with current techniques, so I'm not telling you when it will also be necessary to manufacture renewables without fossils ....

Regarding the thermodynamic efficiency of thermal engines, I do not have detailed sources for these figures; I would have to stir up my documentation. Nevertheless, several sources confirm these figures of 40%, these are figures with hot engine, not in urban delivery mode or short trip or average yield over a whole year.

As for the production price of non-fossil synthetic fuels, there has been a rumor for more than 5 years with hallucinating figures of 5 € per liter, propagated by anti, based on price production conditions in the laboratory. Likewise, in his book, Bill Gates claims they would exceed $ 2 per liter (at production or at the pump?).
This is all very wrong.

By applying "cost killing" type methods, we end up with what is written on the NCSH website: between 1 and 1.5 € per liter at production for a start of massive deployment around 2030. They should therefore be offered as a mixture. to 20% with fuels resulting from refining, this percentage increasing as the volumes of production by imports from tropical countries increase. In 2050, it would be 100%, with an average production cost of around 0.8 € per liter, ie 30 cents higher than currently from oil. The only reason for the higher price would be a significant increase in bank interest rates, which are currently very low.
These production cost assumptions are based on the CO cost assumptions₂ and H₂O that LUT (Technical University of Lappeenranta) does.

Intense lobbying work is being carried out in Brussels to obtain the non-fossil deduction which will allow investors to start carrying out industrial projects in a framework that is not experimental (currently RFNBio type fuel, integrated into RED II dated 2018) but operational. .

Here again, the Germans are on the front line and apparently the only ones to let it be known that they want to advance as soon as possible! This is the subject of regular media coverage in the German press and media, almost nothing in France apart from the announcement in September / October of Porsche-Siemens fuels produced in southern Chile or Norwegian kerosene.
It cannot be coherent to defend thermal engines without defending such non-fossil synthetic fuels.

posting.php?f=41&mode=quote&p=475427&sid=3a72d47a7e9be1b926674df9a837fff4#

To discover the world of non-fossil synthetic fuels, take the time to browse (15 min) the NCSH website: http://www.ncsh.eu/language/fr/accueil/
In particular the Energy and Material page.

[Remundo]

Figures obtained: 17 kWh / liter

it still raises a little question on this point.

because a liter of fuel contains only 10 thermal kWh, and a maximum of 4 mechanical kWh.

While putting these 17 kWh directly into a battery restores 14-15 kWh without difficulty. About 4 times more.